Robespierre Monument
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The Robespierre Monument (Russian: Памятник Робеспьеру, romanized: Pamyatnik Robyesp'yeru) was one of the first monuments erected in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (later part of the Soviet Union), raised in Moscow on 3 November 1918 – just ahead of the first anniversary of the October Revolution, which had brought the Bolsheviks to power.cite-ref-geldern-1-0[1] It depicted Maximilien de Robespierre, a prominent figure of the French Revolution. Located in Alexander Garden, it had been designed by the sculptor Beatrice Yuryevna Sandomierz (Russian: Беатриса Юрьевна Сандомирская, romanized: Beatrica Yur'yevna Sandomirskaya). Created as part of the "monumental propaganda" plan,cite-ref-geldern-1-1[1] the monument was commissioned by Vladimir Lenin, who in an edict referred to Robespierre as a "Bolshevik avant la lettre".cite-ref-2[2] It was only one of several planned statues depicting French revolutionaries – others were to be made of Georges Danton, François-Noël Babeuf and Jean-Paul Marat, although only the one of Danton was never completed.cite-ref-impact-3-0[3]
Created in the context of the ongoing Russian Civil War and with the country in a state of war communism, there were few materials available to make the statue.cite-ref-4[4] Lacking bronze or marble, the monument was instead constructed using concrete, with hollow pipes running through it.cite-ref-bean-5-0[5] This design proved frail, lasting only a few days. On the morning of 7 November only a pile of rubble remained.cite-ref-bean-5-1[5] Over the following days different newspapers supplied varying versions as to why it collapsed, with Znamya Trudovoi Kommuny and others saying it was the work of "criminal" (counter-revolutionary) hands, some assummed White Guard saboteur exploded it with grenade, and Izvestia stating the statue's demise was caused by improper construction.cite-ref-bean-5-2[5]cite-ref-impact-3-1[3]
Contents
• See also
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See also
References
cite-note-geldern-11. ↑ citerefvon-geldern1993Von Geldern, James (1993). Bolshevik Festivals, 1917-1920. Oakland: University of California Press. p. 83. ISBN 052-007-690-7.
cite-note-22. ↑ citerefjordan2013Jordan, David P. (2013). Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 147-672-571-3.
cite-note-impact-33. ↑ citerefschoenfeld1995Schoenfeld, Gabriel (1995). "25. Uses of the Past: Bolshevism and the French Revolutionary Tradition". In Schwab, Gail M.; Jeanneney, John R. (eds.). The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 286. ISBN 031-329-339-2.
cite-note-44. ↑ citerefdunn2000Dunn, Susan (2000). Sister Revolutions: French Lightning, American Light. London: Macmillan Publishers. p. 169. ISBN 142-992-369-5.
cite-note-bean-55. ↑ citerefbeanhorakkapse2014Bean, Jennifer M.; Horak, Laura; Kapse, Anupama, eds. (2014). Silent Cinema and the Politics of Space. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 89. ISBN 025-301-507-3.